Life-Cycle Carbon Assessment for Green Supply Chains in the FMCG Sectora
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This study investigates life-cycle carbon emissions in fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) supply chains, covering raw material procurement, packaging, transport, and retail distribution. Data from 18 large FMCG brands show that packaging contributes 42% of total emissions, while long-distance logistics accounts for 28%. The study models three reduction scenarios-low-carbon materials, route optimization, and shared distribution centers-and finds that a combined strategy can reduce end-to-end emissions by up to 31%. The results provide practical guidance for companies building greener supply chains.
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